Further, Mamede and Schmidt (2004) found that reflective practice in medicine in their study had a five-factor structure: deliberate induction, which involves the physician taking time to reflect upon an unfamiliar problem; deliberate deduction, which occurs when a physician logically deduces the consequences of a number of possible hypotheses; testing, which involves evaluating predictions against the problem being explored; openness to reflection, occurring when a physician is willing to engage in such constructive activity when faced with an unfamiliar situation; and, meta-reasoning, which means that a phy- sician is able to think critically about his or her own thinking processes. This five-factor model is not a step-by step.
