Islam and Watanapalachaikul (2003) showed a strong, significant long-run relationship between stock prices and macroeconomic factors (interest rate, bonds price, foreign exchange rate, price-earning ratio, market capitalization, and consumer price index) during 1992-2001 in Thailand. Hassan (2003) employed Johansen’s (1988, 1991, 1992b) and Johansen and Juselius’ (1990) multivariate cointegration techniques to test for the existence of long-term relationships between share prices in the Persian Gulf region. Using a vector-error-correction model, he also investigated the short-term dynamics of prices by testing for the existence and direction of intertemporal Granger-causality. .
