Enuresis (nocturnal incontinence) is bedwetting beyond the age when the child should be able to control urination. It is usually idiopathic and associated with a positive family history. It initially requires no other investigation than a urinalysis and urine culture. Secondary and diurnal forms of enuresis, as well as enuresis beyond the age of 12 years, may require urologic evaluation. Nocturia in older children is defined as awakening at night to pass urine. This may be normal, or may suggest a decrease in urine concentrating ability and may also be an early sign of chronic kidney disease. It is important to keep in mind that renal disease in- cluding UTI in children.
