So, for example, virtually all of the health conditions identified in the MDGs correlate with income poverty. But the solution to good health is not simply poverty reduction – full stop. Understanding the causal link is key. For some health conditions, such as the mortality of children under 5 years (U5MR), improvement in the basic living environment – water, sanitation, nutrition – that can come with economic growth will have a powerful effect because of the huge influence that malnutrition and infectious disease have on children’s health in the post-neonatal period (Black, Morris.