According to Rubinow, the “one receptor-one action” model of hormone action has been overturned by the robust evidence for action of steroid hormones through both nuclear and membrane receptors, and by the mounting evidence for the role of co-regulators in modulation of hormone action. Rubinow argued that the same hormone may simultaneously exert opposite effects on the same system (., cell survival), and these effects can change with time. More research in this area is needed to understand why women respond differently to the same hormonal stimuli. Contextual factors, such as the environment, genetic susceptibility, perception, prior experience, etc.,.
