This monograph describes how well the Department of Defense logistics system met the materiel sustainment needs of Army forces in Operation Iraqi Freedom, documents the major reasons for shortfalls in performance, provides recommendations for improvement, and points to questions raised with respect to the design of future forces. The findings should be of interest throughout the Army as well the broader Department of Defense supply chain and force development communities. The monograph summarizes the results of a research project called “Army Logistics in OIF: Key Issues for the Army,” sponsored by the Deputy Chief of Staff, G-4, Headqua.