Congress regulated hazardous waste from inception to disposal under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and EPA has developed a list of regulated substances [15]. However, RCRA does not regulate hazardous wastes involved in oil and gas extraction and production under RCRA Subtitle C. These materials are subject to state regulation under the less stringent RCRA Subtitle D solid waste regulations as well as other federal regulations, although states are also free to adopt more demanding provisions. In a publication regarding the exemption EPA says, “Although they are relieved from regulation as hazardous wastes, the exemption.
