Birgitte Andersen is Reader in the Economics and Management of Innovation in the School of Management and Organizational Psychology, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK, where she is also Director of E-business Programmes (since October 2000). She has a PhD in Economics. Her research profile includes evolutionary economics and industrial dynamics with respect to innovation and institutions, and the economics and management of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs). Selected research programmes include: (i) European Union funded Network of Excellence 2005–2010: Dynamics of Institutions and Markets in Europe, (DIME) where Andersen is Coordinator for the research area on the formal aspects of.