Thermoactinomyces vulgarisR-47a-amylase 1 (TVAI) has unique hydrolyz-ing activities for pullulan with sequence repeats of a-(1,4), a-(1,4), and a-(1,6) glycosidic linkages, as well as for starch. TVAI mainly hydrolyzes a-(1,4) glycosidic linkages to produce a panose, but it also hydrolyzes a-(1,6) glycosidic linkages with a lesser efficiency.