Moreover, the concept of \multimedia social networks" can be applied into the ¯eld of signal and image processing. Although there are seemingly no human factors involved in the algorithmic solution in classical signal/image processing, if we take the view that the pixels/signals of an image are forming a notion of a \social network" to jointly interact to accomplish a common (\processing") goal, be it ¯ltering, denoising, or segmentation, then the game theoretic approach can o®er new views beyond what classical methods can. This completely changes the traditional thinking that we have to decide what a pixel does instead of simply giving some generic rules/guidelines and let the pixels.