This paper analyzes factors that may enhance a firm’s propensity to implement cleaner prod- ucts and production technologies rather than end-of-pipe technologies. While both of these two fundamental types of abatement measures mitigate the adverse environmental impacts of production, cleaner production technologies are frequently more advantageous than end-of- pipe technologies for both environmental and economic reasons. In fact, environmental inno- vations are more often identified with cleaner production measures than with end-of-pipe technologies, which reduce environmental impacts by using add-on measures without chang- ing the production process. .
