Chapter 6 - A tour of the cell. This chapter distinguish between the following pairs of terms: magnification and resolution, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, free and bound ribosomes, smooth and rough ER; describe the structure and function of the components of the endomembrane system; briefly explain the role of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes;. | Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell Overview: The Fundamental Units of Life All organisms are made of cells (Cell Theory). The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live. Cell structure is correlated to cellular function. All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells (heredity / reproduction). Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings For the Discovery Video Cells, go to Animation and Video Files. To study cells, biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry Microscopy: Scientists use microscopes to visualize cells too small to see with the naked eye. In a light microscope (LM), visible light passes through a specimen and then through glass lenses, which magnify the image. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings The quality of an image depends on Magnification, the ratio of an object’s image size to its real size. Resolution, the measure of the clarity of the image, or the minimum distance of two distinguishable points. Contrast, visible differences in parts of the sample. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings The size range of cells 10 m 1 m m 1 cm 1 mm 100 µm 10 µm 1 µm 100 nm 10 nm 1 nm nm Atoms Small molecules Lipids Proteins Ribosomes Viruses Smallest bacteria Mitochondrion Nucleus Most bacteria Most plant and animal cells Frog egg Chicken egg Length of some nerve and muscle cells Human height Unaided eye Light microscope Electron microscope Figure LMs (light microscopes) can magnify effectively to about 1,000 times the size of the actual specimen. Various techniques enhance contrast and enable cell components to be stained or labeled. Most subcellular structures, including organelles (membrane-enclosed compartments), are too small to be resolved by an LM. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Light Microscopy TECHNIQUE RESULTS (a) . | Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell Overview: The Fundamental Units of Life All organisms are made of cells (Cell Theory). The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live. Cell structure is correlated to cellular function. All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells (heredity / reproduction). Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings For the Discovery Video Cells, go to Animation and Video Files. To study cells, biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry Microscopy: Scientists use microscopes to visualize cells too small to see with the naked eye. In a light microscope (LM), visible light passes through a specimen and then through glass lenses, which magnify the image. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings The quality of an image depends on Magnification, the ratio of an object’s image size to its real size. Resolution, the measure of the clarity of the image,
