(BQ) Part 2 book "Organic chemistry" has contents: Reactions of carboxylic acids and carboxylic derivatives, reactions of benzene and substituted benzenes, reactions of heterocyclic compounds, the organic chemistry of carbohydrates, the organic chemistry of amino acids, peptides, and proteins,. and other contents. | PART FIVE Carbonyl Compounds The three chapters in Part 5 focus on the reactions of compounds that contain a carbonyl group. Carbonyl compounds can be classified as either those that contain a group that can be replaced by another group (carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives) or those that contain a group that cannot be replaced by another group (aldehydes and ketones). C H A P T E R 1 6 Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives The reactions of carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives are discussed in Chapter 16, where you will see that they all react with nucleophiles in the same way—they undergo nucleophilic addition– elimination reactions. In a nucleophilic addition–elimination reaction, the nucleophile adds to the carbonyl carbon, forming an unstable tetrahedral intermediate that collapses by eliminating the weaker of two bases. As a result, all you need to know to determine the product of one of these reactions—or even whether a reaction will occur—is the relative basicity of the two potential leaving groups in the tetrahedral intermediate. C H A P T E R 1 7 Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives • Reactions of a, b-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Chapter 17 starts by comparing the reactions of carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives with the reactions of aldehydes and ketones. This comparison is made by discussing their reactions with carbon nucleophiles and hydride ion. You will see that carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives undergo nucleophilic addition–elimination reactions with carbon nucleophiles and hydride ion, just as they did with nitrogen and oxygen nucleophiles in Chapter 16. Aldehydes and ketones, on the other hand, undergo nucleophilic addition reactions with carbon nucleophiles and hydride ion and nucleophilic addition– elimination reactions with oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles (and the species eliminated is always water). What you learned
