Lecture Marine environmental studies - Topic: Major marine pollutants. In this topic, the following content will be discussed: Oil, sewage, pesticides and other persistent organic chemicals, metals, radioactivity. | MAJOR MARINE POLLUTANTS 1 GOOD MORNING CLASS! 上午好学生们！ Shang wu hao xue sheng men! The major marine pollutants are: Oil Sewage Pesticides and other Persistent Organic Chemicals Metals Radioactivity 3 OIL Oil is not a single homogeneous compound but consists of many different compounds. Some physical properties of oil include; Toxicity Solubility Viscosity Oil is not a single homogeneous compound but consists of many different compounds. Toxicity: the degree to which something is poisonous. Solubility: capacity to dissolve: the extent to which one substance is able to dissolve in another. Viscosity: property of fluid that resists flowing: the property of a fluid that causes it to resist flowing 4 OIL – cont’d FACTS: about 3 billion tonnes of crude oil is produced annually, and half of this is carried by sea. Averagely, million tonnes of oil is floating on the sea daily. Imagine the threat of pollution by oil with all this oil afloat the oceans daily 5 MOVEMENT OF OIL MAJOR . | MAJOR MARINE POLLUTANTS 1 GOOD MORNING CLASS! 上午好学生们！ Shang wu hao xue sheng men! The major marine pollutants are: Oil Sewage Pesticides and other Persistent Organic Chemicals Metals Radioactivity 3 OIL Oil is not a single homogeneous compound but consists of many different compounds. Some physical properties of oil include; Toxicity Solubility Viscosity Oil is not a single homogeneous compound but consists of many different compounds. Toxicity: the degree to which something is poisonous. Solubility: capacity to dissolve: the extent to which one substance is able to dissolve in another. Viscosity: property of fluid that resists flowing: the property of a fluid that causes it to resist flowing 4 OIL – cont’d FACTS: about 3 billion tonnes of crude oil is produced annually, and half of this is carried by sea. Averagely, million tonnes of oil is floating on the sea daily. Imagine the threat of pollution by oil with all this oil afloat the oceans daily 5 MOVEMENT OF OIL MAJOR PRODUCERS Arabian gulf Gulf of México North sea MAJOR CONSUMERS America Western Europe China The risk of accidents by tankers is highest during maneuvers in port 6 OIL SOURCES INTO THE OCEAN Offshore oil production Routine ship operation Ship accidents Ocean dumping Natural sources Land-based sources Natural sources – oil entering the sea naturally through the seabed Land-based sources – largest sources of pollution 7 Oil pollution Sources Contd Source: UNEP 8 EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION 9 EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION Gross fouling of beaches Effects on fish, birds, mammals & plants Economic effects 10 EFFECTS ON BIRDS Birds can drown in the oil They loose their buoyancy and thermal insulation They ingest the oil whilst trying to clean themselves They also pass some toxicity to their offspring Buoyancy - tendency to float: the tendency of an object to float. Thermal insulation: the ability of the birds to keep warm. Their feathers absorbs the oil and they loose the ability to keep warm at winter.
