Chapter 5 provides knowledge of reactive and hybrid architectures. The main contents of this chapter include all of the following: Brooks and the subsumption architecture, the limitations of reactive agents, hybrid agents. | LECTURE 5: REACTIVE AND HYBRID ARCHITECTURES An Introduction to MultiAgent Systems Reactive Architectures There are many unsolved (some would say insoluble) problems associated with symbolic AI These problems have led some researchers to question the viability of the whole paradigm, and to the development of reactive architectures Although united by a belief that the assumptions underpinning mainstream AI are in some sense wrong, reactive agent researchers use many different techniques In this presentation, we start by reviewing the work of one of the most vocal critics of mainstream AI: Rodney Brooks 5- Brooks – behavior languages Brooks has put forward three theses: Intelligent behavior can be generated without explicit representations of the kind that symbolic AI proposes Intelligent behavior can be generated without explicit abstract reasoning of the kind that symbolic AI proposes Intelligence is an emergent property of certain complex | LECTURE 5: REACTIVE AND HYBRID ARCHITECTURES An Introduction to MultiAgent Systems Reactive Architectures There are many unsolved (some would say insoluble) problems associated with symbolic AI These problems have led some researchers to question the viability of the whole paradigm, and to the development of reactive architectures Although united by a belief that the assumptions underpinning mainstream AI are in some sense wrong, reactive agent researchers use many different techniques In this presentation, we start by reviewing the work of one of the most vocal critics of mainstream AI: Rodney Brooks 5- Brooks – behavior languages Brooks has put forward three theses: Intelligent behavior can be generated without explicit representations of the kind that symbolic AI proposes Intelligent behavior can be generated without explicit abstract reasoning of the kind that symbolic AI proposes Intelligence is an emergent property of certain complex systems 5- Brooks – behavior languages He identifies two key ideas that have informed his research: Situatedness and embodiment: ‘Real’ intelligence is situated in the world, not in disembodied systems such as theorem provers or expert systems Intelligence and emergence: ‘Intelligent’ behavior arises as a result of an agent’s interaction with its environment. Also, intelligence is ‘in the eye of the beholder’; it is not an innate, isolated property 5- Brooks – behavior languages To illustrate his ideas, Brooks built some based on his subsumption architecture A subsumption architecture is a hierarchy of task-accomplishing behaviors Each behavior is a rather simple rule-like structure Each behavior ‘competes’ with others to exercise control over the agent Lower layers represent more primitive kinds of behavior (such as avoiding obstacles), and have precedence over layers further up the hierarchy The resulting systems are, in terms of the amount of computation they do, extremely .
