Part 2 book “Essentials of clinical immunology” has contents: Joints and muscles, skin diseases, eye diseases, chest diseases, gastrointestinal and liver diseases, endocrinology and diabetes, haematological diseases, neuroimmunology, pregnancy, techniques in clinical immunology, and other contents. | CHAPTER 10 10 Joints and Muscles Introduction, 178 Patterns of joint disease, 178 Arthritis and infection, 179 Septic arthritis, 179 Rheumatoid arthritis, 180 Diagnosis, 180 Serology, 180 Pathology, 181 Immunopathogenesis, 182 Aetiology, 183 Outcome, 184 Management, 185 Seronegative spondyloarthritis, 185 Ankylosing spondylitis, 185 Other seronegative spondyloarthritides, 186 Other seronegative arthritides, 187 Chronic arthritis in children, 188 Systemic lupus erythematosus, 189 Clinical features, 189 Laboratory findings, 190 Differential diagnosis, 191 Drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus, 191 Management, 191 Prognosis, 192 Aetiology and pathogenesis, 193 Other connective tissue diseases, 195 Mixed connective tissue disease, 195 Sjögren’s syndrome, 196 Scleroderma, 197 Systemic vasculitis, 197 Polyarteritis nodosa, 197 Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell (temporal) arteritis, 198 Other vasculitides, 199 Inflammatory muscle disease or myositis, 199 Hereditary periodic fevers, 200 Introduction Patterns of joint disease Immunological mechanisms are responsible for many rheumatological diseases. Although these disorders often present with joint or muscle inflammation, many have multisystem involvement with a particular tendency to involve skin, lungs and kidney. These disorders, which include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), dermatomyositis, scleroderma and some forms of vasculitis, are often referred to as the ‘connective tissue diseases’; this woolly phrase is rather meaningless in pathophysiological terms, but remains in widespread use. Because of the multisystem involvement, discussion of these disorders can also be found in other organ-based chapters. The connective tissue diseases are
