In this chapter, you will learn to: To describe the basic organization of computer systems, to provide a grand tour of the major components of operating systems, to give an overview of the many types of computing environments, to explore several open-source operating systems. | Module 1: Introduction What is an operating system? Simple Batch Systems Multiprogramming Batched Systems Time-Sharing Systems Personal-Computer Systems Parallel Systems Distributed Systems Real -Time Systems Operating System Concepts What is an Operating System? A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware. Operating system goals: Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier. Make the computer system convenient to use. Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner. Operating System Concepts Computer System Components 1. Hardware – provides basic computing resources (CPU, memory, I/O devices). 2. Operating system – controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various application programs for the various users. 3. Applications programs – define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users (compilers, database systems, video games, business programs). 4. Users | Module 1: Introduction What is an operating system? Simple Batch Systems Multiprogramming Batched Systems Time-Sharing Systems Personal-Computer Systems Parallel Systems Distributed Systems Real -Time Systems Operating System Concepts What is an Operating System? A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware. Operating system goals: Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier. Make the computer system convenient to use. Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner. Operating System Concepts Computer System Components 1. Hardware – provides basic computing resources (CPU, memory, I/O devices). 2. Operating system – controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various application programs for the various users. 3. Applications programs – define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users (compilers, database systems, video games, business programs). 4. Users (people, machines, other computers). Operating System Concepts Abstract View of System Components Operating System Concepts Operating System Definitions Resource allocator – manages and allocates resources. Control program – controls the execution of user programs and operations of I/O devices . Kernel – the one program running at all times (all else being application programs). Operating System Concepts Simple Batch Systems Hire an operator User operator Add a card reader Reduce setup time by batching similar jobs Automatic job sequencing – automatically transfers control from one job to another. First rudimentary operating system. Resident monitor initial control in monitor control transfers to job when job completes control transfers back to monitor Operating System Concepts Memory Layout for a Simple Batch System Operating System Concepts Control Cards Problems 1. How does the monitor know about the nature of the job (., Fortran versus Assembly) or which program to execute? .
