Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về sinh học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học Journal of Biology đề tài: Shrinkage control: regulation of insulin-mediated growth by FOXO transcription factors. | J. Biol. Journal of Biology BioMed Central Minireview Shrinkage control regulation of insulin-mediated growth by FOXO transcription factors Thomas P Neufeld Address Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Development University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA. E-mail neufeld@ Published II September 2003 Journal of Biology 2003 2 18 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http content 2 3 18 2003 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract The insulin signaling pathway regulates organismal growth in response to nutrient conditions by controlling a range of metabolic and biosynthetic processes. Recent studies in Drosophila have shown how transcriptional responses to reduced insulin and nutrient levels can act to inhibit growth. In the transition to multicellularity during evolution individual cells gave up autonomous control over whether to grow and divide live or die. These processes are regulated instead by a variety of intercellular signals and the network of signal-transduction pathways they activate. Thus proliferation of a population of cells can be regulated in concert in response to triggers that reflect the needs of the whole organism such as patterning cues developmental stage and environmental conditions. Over the past several years studies in mammalian cell culture and model organisms such as Drosophila have identified as a dedicated regulator of cell growth and proliferation in response to nutrition the signaling pathway from insulin at the cell surface to phosphatidylinositol PI 3-kinase and the protein kinase Akt also called protein kinase B PKB inside the cell 1 . Mutations in this pathway result in profound changes in cell organ and organism size and its activation is a critical step in a number of types of cancer. Intensive efforts have therefore been directed towards gaining a molecular understanding of the mechanisms by which insulin signaling promotes growth. Three recent studies 2-4 .
