Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về sinh học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học Journal of Biology đề tài: Dishevelled and Wnt signaling: is the nucleus the final frontier? | J. Biol. Journal of Biology BioMed Central Minireview Dishevelled and Wnt signaling is the nucleus the final frontier Raymond Habas and Igor B Dawid1 Addresses Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Department of Biochemistry UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Piscataway NJ 08854 USA. tLaboratory of Molecular Genetics National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Bethesda MD 20892-2790 USA. Correspondence Igor Dawid. E-mail idawid@ Published 17 February 2005 Journal of Biology 2005 4 2 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http content 4 1 2 2005 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract The phosphoprotein Dishevelled Dsh is an essential component of Wnt signaling pathways and transduces signals into three separate branches the canonical non-canonical and Ca2 pathways. How Dsh focuses signaling into these branches remains mysterious but a new study reveals the importance of nuclear localization of Dsh for pathway-specific activation. Wnt signaling Wnt proteins comprise a large family of secreted glycoproteins that regulate key developmental processes including cell-fate determination proliferation motility and the establishment of the primary axis of the body during vertebrate embryogenesis 1-3 . Defects in Wnt signaling are also implicated in a host of pathologies including cancer and neural tube defects. Wnt ligands can transform cells and mutations in components of the Wnt signaling pathway such as p-catenin have causative roles in colon cancers in humans while mutations in Dishevelled Dsh are implicated in neural-fold closure disorders 1 4 . To date 18 Wnt ligands have been identified in humans 5 6 . This large number of ligands is paralleled by an equally impressive number of receptors and co-receptors which are encoded in the Frizzled and low-density-related lipoprotein receptor 5 6 LRP5 6 gene families which have ten and two members respectively in the human genome 1 6 . Through intensive .