Tham khảo tài liệu 'primates and philosophers part 9', khoa học tự nhiên, công nghệ sinh học phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 172 FRANS DE WAAL part of the same community. My disapproval reflects concern about what would happen if everyone started acting like A my long-term interest are not served by rampant stealing. This rather abstract yet still egocentric concern about the quality of life in a community is what underpins the impartial and disinterested perspective stressed by Philip Kitcher and Peter Singer which is at the root of our distinction between right and wrong. Chimpanzees do distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior but always closely tied to immediate consequences especially for themselves. Thus apes and other highly social animals seem capable of developing prescriptive social rules de Waal 1996 Flack et al. 2004 of which I will offer just one example One balmy evening at the Arnhem Zoo when the keeper called the chimps inside two adolescent females refused to enter the building. The weather was superb. They had the whole island to themselves and they loved it. The rule at the zoo was that none of the apes would get fed until all of them had moved inside. The obstinate teenagers caused a grumpy mood among the rest. When they finally did come in several hours late they were assigned a separate bedroom by the keeper so as to prevent reprisals. This protected them only temporarily though. The next morning out on the island the entire colony vented its frustration about the delayed meal by a mass pursuit ending in a physical beating of the culprits. That evening they were the first to come in. adapted from de Waal 1996 89 However impressive such rule enforcement our species goes considerably further in this than any other. From very young onwards we are subjected to judgments of right and RESPONSE 173 wrong which become so much part of how we see the world that all behavior shown and all behavior experienced passes through this filter. We put social thumbscrews on everyone making sure that their behavior fits We thus build reputations in the eyes
