Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Retrovirology cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Detection of a gammaretrovirus, XMRV, in the human population: Open questions and implications for xenotransplantation. | Denner Retrovirology 2010 7 16 http content 7 1 16 RETR0VIR0L0GY COMMENTARY Open Access Detection of a gammaretrovirus XMRV in the human population Open questions and implications for xenotransplantation Joachim Denner Abstract XMRV xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus is a gammaretrovirus that has been detected in human patients with prostate carcinoma chronic fatigue syndrome CFS and also in a small percentage of clinically healthy individuals. It is not yet clear whether the distribution of this virus is primarily limited to the USA or whether it is causally associated with human disease. If future investigations confirm a broad distribution of XMRV and its association with disease this would have an impact on xenotransplantation of porcine tissues and organs. Xenotransplantation is currently being developed to compensate for the increasing shortage of human material for the treatment of tissue and organ failure but could result in the transmission of porcine pathogens. Maintenance of pathogen-free donor animals will dramatically reduce this risk but some of the porcine endogenous retroviruses PERVs found in the genome of all pigs can produce infectious virus and infect cultured human cells. PERVs are closely related to XMRV so it is critical to develop tests that discriminate between them. Since recombination can occur between viruses and recombinants can exhibit synergism recipients should be tested for XMRV before xenotransplantation. Questions concerning XMRV detection XMRV was first detected in prostate carcinomas of patients who were homozygous for a mutation in the gene for the antiviral enzyme ribonuclease L RNase L 1 . Men with two copies of the homozygous mutation R462Q QQ were found to have twice the risk of prostate cancer as males with the non-mutated allele. Integrated XMRV was detected in 8 of 20 of these patients 40 using a DNA microarray and RT-PCR analysis. In heterozygous patients and patients without the .
