Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Critical Care giúp cho các bạn có thêm kiến thức về ngành y học đề tài: Hyperosmotic stress enhances cytokine production and decreases phagocytosis in vitro. | Available online http content 1 2 4 R107 Research Hyperosmotic stress enhances cytokine production and decreases phagocytosis in vitro Natalie M Otto1 Ralf Schindler1 Andreas Lun2 Olaf Boenisch1 Ulrich Frei1 and Michael Oppert1 Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Charité Universitatsmedizin Berlin Humboldt University Augustenburger Platz 1 13353 Berlin Germany institute of Clinical Chemistry Charité Universitatsmedizin Berlin Humboldt University Augustenburger Platz 1 13353 Berlin Germany Corresponding author Michael Oppert oppert@ Received 6 Jun 2008 Revisions requested 9 Jul 2008 Revisions received 21 Jul 2008 Accepted 18 Aug 2008 Published 18 Aug 2008 Critical Care 2008 12 R107 doi cc6989 This article is online at http content 12 4 R1 07 2008 Otto et al. licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http licenses by which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. Open Access Abstract Introduction Hyperglycemia is associated with negative outcomes in various settings of critical illness infectious complications especially seem to be increased. On the other hand intensive insulin therapy IIT has been shown to improve outcome in clinical trials. Whether normoglycemia itself or the application of insulin is responsible for the observed findings is unknown. We therefore tested the effect of glucose and insulin on various immune functions in vitro. Methods Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMCs were incubated ex vivo with low doses of lipopolysaccharide LPS . PBMCs were incubated with various osmotic agents insulin or a combination of both. Interleukin IL -6 and IL-1 cytokine response was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition we investigated the effects of glucose on phagocytosis and oxidative burst in
