Tham khảo tài liệu 'hydroblasting and coating of steel structures episode 6', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 88 Hydroblasting and Coating of Steel Structures 840 mg kg Carlson and Townsend 1998 the zinc contamination level can be as high as 37 000 mg kg and the cadmium contamination level can be as high as 13 mg kg Tinklenberg and Doezema 1998 . See Table for potential concerns with abrasive waste from ship maintenance facility. Concentrations of leachable metals in spent abrasives that are of particular danger to groundwater are listed in Table . For these reasons methods that prevent or reduce the uncontrolled formation of dry dust and do not generate solid waste are superior from the point of view of health and the environment. A duty of care that addresses waste generation control and disposal which is a statutory duty that applies to producers holders carriers of waste and those who treat waste has four major aims Abrams 1999 to prevent any other person from depositing disposing of or recovering controlled waste residential commercial industrial without a waste management license or in a manner likely to cause environmental pollution or harm to health to ensure that waste is safely and securely contained both in storage and in transport in such a way that it cannot escape to ensure that if waste is transferred that it only goes to an authorised person Table Concerns with abrasive waste from ship maintenance Carlson and Townsend 1999 . Metal Direct exposure Groundwater-leaching Residential Industrial Arsenic yes possibly no Cadmium no no no Chromium no no no Copper yes no possibly Iron yes no possibly Lead no no possibly Nickel no no no Selenium no no no Zinc no no yes Compare Table Table Leachable metals in spent abrasive Tinklenberg and Doezema 1998 . Condition Leachable metals in mg 1 Arsenic Zinc Lead Cadmium Chromium Copper Virgin abrasive Spent abrasive 2 770 _2 2 After zinc-rich paint removal. 2 Results below detection limits. Steel Surface Preparation by Hydroblasting 89 to ensure that when waste is .
