Phim Chi phí khấu hao và tích lũy Chi phí tham gia (c) Doanh thu cuối cùng (d) Chi phí tham gia cuối cùng (e) Phim Chi phí Định giá (f) Sự kiện tiếp theo (g) Chi phí khai thác (h) Sản xuất Chi phí TRÌNH BÀY VÀ CÔNG BỐ | GOVERNMENTAL ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES 32 35 ii Basis of Accounting. The basis of accounting determines when revenues expenditures expenses and transfers and the related assets and liabilities are recognized in the accounts and reported in the financial statements. Specifically it relates to the timing of the measurements made regardless of the measurement focus. For example whether depreciation is recognized depends on whether expenses or expenditures are being measured rather than on whether the cash or accrual basis is used. Cash Basis. Under the cash basis of accounting revenues and transfers in are not recorded in the accounts until cash is received and expenditures or expenses and transfers out are recorded only when cash is disbursed. The cash basis is frequently encountered but its use is not generally accepted for any governmental unit. With the cash basis it is difficult to compare expenditures with services rendered because the disbursements relating to those services may be made in the fiscal period following that in which the services occurred. Also statements prepared on a cash basis do not show financial position and results of operations on a basis that is generally accepted. Accrual Basis. Under the accrual basis of accounting most transactions are recorded when they occur regardless of when cash is received or disbursed. Items not measurable until cash is received or disbursed are accounted for at that time. The accrual basis is considered a superior method of accounting for the economic resources of any organization because it results in accounting measurements that are based on the substance of transactions and events rather than merely on the receipt or disbursement of cash. Modified Accrual Basis. As indicated previously the financial flows of governments such as taxes and grants typically do not result from a direct exchange for goods or services and thus cannot be accrued based on the completion of the earnings process and an
