Imagine a world in which the colors you see do not necessarily represent the correct ones. Imagine, when you approach a traffic light, you cannot tell what color the light is. Imagine the colors of traffic lights changing from one block to the next one. Could you? If you can’t, just go to your computer. In the world of visual computing, you cannot be sure what the colors will be. Even today. And today, the awareness of computer professionals to color has grown orders of magnitude. | COLOR THEORY AND MODELING FOR COMPUTER GRAPHICS VISUALIZATION AND MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS by Haim Levkowitz University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA . 0 _ KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS Boston Dordrecht London Distributors for North America Kluwer Academic Publishers 101 Philip Drive Assinippi Park Norwell Massachusetts 02061 USA Distributors for all other countries Kluwer Academic Publishers Group Distribution Centre Post Office Box 322 3300 AH Dordrecht THE NETHERLANDS Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A . Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities. For more information contact Sales Department Kluwer Academic Publishers 101 Philip Drive Assinippi Park Norwell MA 02061 Copyright 1997 by Kluwer Academic Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Kluwer Academic Publishers 101 Philip Drive Assinippi Park Norwell Massachusetts 02061 Printed on acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF TABLES xiii Preface xv Part I COLOR THEORY 1 1 HUMAN VISION 3 The Human Interface 3 Color As a Tri-Stimulus Medium 6 A Tour of the Human Visual System 9 Basic Visual Mechanisms 12 Introduction to Human Color Vision 17 Color deficiencies 22 Color-Luminance Interactions 27 Summary and Notes 29 2 COLOR ORGANIZATION AND COLOR MODELS 31 Introduction to Color Modeling 31 Overview of Color Specification Systems 33 Process-dependent Systems Instrumental 33 Process-order Systems Pseudo-perceptual 35 Coordinate Systems Based on Human Visual Models 36 Perceptually Uniform Systems 40 Uniform Color Spaces UCS 41 Summary and Notes 44
