Mẫu vật): chất lỏng cho các nghiên cứu phòng thí nghiệm, bao gồm điện, đường số protein, tế bào, và khác biệt, Gram của vết bẩn, và các nền văn hóa. Nhãn ống như sau: "# 1 Văn hóa," "# 2 chất hóa học", và "# 3 di động tính." Gửi mẫu đến phòng thí nghiệm ngay lập tức b) Hình thức: Ghi lại màu sắc và rõ ràng của chất lỏng Lưu ý sự hiện diện Thời gian coagula | Page 268 7. CSF analysis Table a Specimens Send fluid for laboratory studies including electrolytes glucose protein cell count and differential Gram s stain and cultures. Label the tubes as follows 1 Culture 2 Chemistries and 3 Cell count. Send specimens to the laboratory immediately. b Appearance Record the color and clarity of the fluid. Note the presence of coagula pellicles or sediment. Time required for the formation will vary with different diseases. Table Cerebrospinal Fluid Laboratory Values Condition CSF pressure Glucose level Cytology Predominant leukocyte Disease related Tumor Increased Normal Rare Mononuclear Meningeal carcinomatosis Decreased Normal Rare Mononuclear Infectious related Bacterial meningitis Increased Decreased None Neutrophil Cryptococcal meningitis Increased Increased Decreased Normal None Lymphocyte Epidural abscess Decreased Normal None Lymphocyte V. Microbiology A. Organism staining To identify microorganisms under the microscope staining is a critical element. The three stains most commonly used are the Gram s stain acid-fast stain and India ink stain. The techniques that provide the best results are thin smears allowing smears to dry before they are fixed heating wet smears distorts the organisms and cells and fixing smears with heat by Page 269 quickly passing the slide through a flame. The slide should not be stained until it cools. 1. Gram s stain a Place gentian violet on the slide for one minute and wash with running water. b Flood with iodine solution for one minute and wash with running water. c Decolorize with acetone alcohol for three to four seconds and wash with water. d Stain with safranin for 30 seconds and wash with water. 2. Acid-fast stain a Place Kinyoun carbolfuchsin stain on slide for five minutes and wash with water. b Decolorize with acid alcohol for two minutes and wash with water. c Counterstain with methylene blue for two minutes and wash with water. 3. India ink capsule stain a Mix one drop of .
