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Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children and Adolescents: Recommendations for Diagnosis—The Porto Criteria

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The prevalence of hypertension in children ranges from less than1%to5.1%[10]. While pediatric hypertension was previously assumed to be secondary to renal, cardiovascular or endocrine causes, there is now increased evidence that it could be a part of a spectrum of essential hypertension, mainly linked to the obesity epidemic. The three most common symptoms of hypertension in children are head- ache, difficulty sleeping, and tiredness, all of which improve with treatment. Pediatricians can play a pivotal role in the early diagnosis and treatment of HT to reduce long- termcardiovascularmorbidity andmortality. Blood pressure should be measured routinely in every child starting at age three years and in children with comorbid conditions such as the presence.