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Seismic velocity characterisation and survey design to assess CO2 injection performance at Kızıldere geothermal field

The noncondensable gases in most geothermal resources include CO2 and smaller amounts of other gases. Currently, the worldwide geothermal power is a small sector within the energy industry, and CO2 emissions related to the utilisation of geothermal resources are consequently small. In some countries, however, such as Turkey and Iceland, geothermal energy production contributes significantly to their energy budget, and their CO2 emissions are relatively significant. SUCCEED is a targeted innovation and research project, which aims to investigate the reinjection of CO2 produced at geothermal power production sites and develop, test, and demonstrate at field scale innovative measurement, monitoring and verification (MMV) technologies that can be used in most CO2 geological storage projects. | Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences Turkish J Earth Sci 2021 30 1061-1075 http journals.tubitak.gov.tr earth TÜBİTAK Research Article doi 10.3906 yer-2106-22 Seismic velocity characterisation and survey design to assess CO2 injection performance at Kızıldere geothermal field 1 2 1 1 Mahmut PARLAKTUNA Şevket DURUCAN Burak PARLAKTUNA Çağlar SINAYUÇ 3 4 4 4 Martijn T.G. JANSSEN Erdinç ŞENTÜRK Erinç TONGUÇ Öncü DEMİRCİOĞLU 5 5 5 5 Flavio POLETTO Gualtiero BÖHM Cinzia BELLEZZA Biancamaria FARINA 1 Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Middle East Technical University Ankara Turkey 2 Department of Earth Science and Engineering Royal School of Mines Imperial College London United Kingdom 3 Department of Applied Geophysics and Petrophysics Delft University of Technology Zuid-Holland The Netherlands 4 ZORLU Energy İstanbul Turkey 5 OGS-National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics Trieste Italy Received 25.06.2021 Accepted Published Online 22.08.2021 Final Version 01.12.2021 Abstract The noncondensable gases in most geothermal resources include CO2 and smaller amounts of other gases. Currently the worldwide geothermal power is a small sector within the energy industry and CO2 emissions related to the utilisation of geothermal resources are consequently small. In some countries however such as Turkey and Iceland geothermal energy production contributes significantly to their energy budget and their CO2 emissions are relatively significant. SUCCEED is a targeted innovation and research project which aims to investigate the reinjection of CO2 produced at geothermal power production sites and develop test and demonstrate at field scale innovative measurement monitoring and verification MMV technologies that can be used in most CO2 geological storage projects. The project is carried out at two operating geothermal energy production sites the Kızıldere geothermal field in Turkey and the CarbFix project site at the Hellisheiði geothermal field in Iceland.