Cộng đồng dân tộc thiểu số trong điều khiển từ xa tỉnh miền núi phía Bắc của Việt Nam là một trong những người nghèo nhất trong cả nước, hạn chế truy cập đối với sức khỏe nông nghiệp, đất cơ sở vật chất, thị trường và cơ sở hạ tầng. Văn Minh và Lạng San xã Na Ri huyện trên địa bàn tỉnh Bắc Kạn có tỷ lệ nghèo đói 63-68% [1]. Rừng đất bao gồm 84% và 90% tương ứng của tổng diện tích đất và là hết sức quan trọng cho cộng đồng sinh kế, bao gồm cả bộ sưu tập của củi và thu hoạch thực phẩm. | Collaboration for Agriculture and Rural Development CARD Program ACHIEVEMENTS AND LESSON LEARN FROM IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT Project title Sustainable community-based forest development and management in some high-poverty areas in Bac Kan province Project code CARD 017 06VIE Authors Tran Van Dien1 Tran Thi Thu Ha1 and Khongsak Pinyopusarerk2 Project Implementing organisations 1 Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Thai Nguyen Vietnam 2 CSIRO Plant Industry GPO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia 1. Introduction Ethnic minority communities in the remote mountainous northern provinces of Vietnam are among the poorest in the country with limited access to agricultural land health facilities markets and infrastructure. Van Minh and Lang San communes of Na Ri district in Bac Kan province have poverty rates of 63-68 1 . Forested land comprises 84 and 90 respectively of the total land area and is of paramount importance for community livelihoods including collection of firewood and harvesting food and herbal medicinal plants. However lack of access to utilise forest land and unequal allocation of forest areas to the poorer families have led to serious poverty of many households. Management of the forest has also exacerbated the situation through many problems i low productivity due to forest degradation after excessive use and little investment ii perceptions of forest as common land with free access with unclear boundaries and poorly defined ownership obligations iii few incentives to reinvest in the forest no security and reluctance to take direct responsibility for the land iv poor awareness of user rights forest laws and regulations and rights of participation in official processes such as forest land allocation and v very limited support from government agencies in approaches to effectively use the forest land and earn income 2 . The Land Law which came into effect on July 1 2004 allows communities villages to
