User benefits are derived from valuing traveler impact measurements such as changes in person hours traveled or vehicle hours traveled (VHT), person miles traveled or vehicle miles traveled (VMT), and safety and reliability improvements. Unit costs are then applied to these metrics to derive the direct user benefits. (Examples of unit costs are the vehicle operation expenditures per mile or hour, the value of time per hour, and the costs of accidents per incident, by type.) Monetary values can also be applied to environmental impacts; however those values do not directly translate into corresponding impacts on the.
