Despite the expertise and ingenuity of . industry and tremendous productiv- ity of . agriculture and forestry, plant-based sources cannot automatically shoulder a major share of our chemical feedstock demand. Today, . industry only makes minor portions of some classes of chemical products from plant-derived materials. Important scientific and commercial development breakthroughs are needed. Petrochemicals, agriculture, forestry, and other industries—as well as government—must make major coordinated efforts to most effectively increase the use of plant-derived chemicals. This document evaluates research, development, and other priorities for surmounting these technological challenges and sets out a technology roadmap for increasing the use of plant-derived materials for chemical building blocks. .