Following Storch and Tapper (2009), we measured fluency in terms of the total number of words and words per T-unit. To count the total number of words of an essay, the word count tool of the Microsoft Word was used. In counting words, titles were excluded. For the identification of a T-unit, we followed the definition used by the originator of the concept Kellogg Hunt. According to Hunt (1970, p. 4), a T-unit is “a main clause plus all subordinate clauses and nonclausal structures attached or embedded in it.” The identification and counting of the T-units was done manually.
