They will learn how to organize their thoughts, develop their essays, and use appropriate sentence structure to express their ideas. The activities in this book are well suited for classroom use. The activities arc carefully structured and can easily be completed in class. They can also be done as homework and then corrected in class. | Writing Skills Integrated Task 75 Lecture 4 10. The researchers found that restaurant patrons who heard music with a slow tempo tended to remain at the restaurant longer than patrons who heard fast music. . . . they also purchased more food which of course is the effect desired by the restaurant owner. Paraphrase 11. The study subjects were . . . college students. Some of them heard currently popular hit songs while shopping the familiar music while others heard music normally aimed at an older age group. Paraphrase 12. The students who heard familiar music stayed in the store longer than those listening to unfamiliar music. They also expressed more positive opinions of the products offered for sale. Paraphrase CITING Sometimes when you paraphrase another persons ideas you may want to include an exact word or phrase that the person said. You need to be careful when you do this. You do not want to copy someone else s words and pretend they are yours. If you plagiarize copy others words on the TOEFL iBT Writing section your paper will not be scored. You can avoid this problem. You can acknowledge that you are using someone else s ideas. You can cite this person as the original author of the idea. When you cite another person s words you do two things 1. You let the reader know whose words they are. 2. You put quotation marks around the words that the person said or wrote. 76 Writing for the TOEFL ÌBT EXAMPLE Original Sequential learners for example can make a habit of outlining new information. Paraphrase with cited refe ĩĩtìỉì ẹẹ The author proposes that sequential learners make a habit of outlining new information. Notice that the example has quotes around a key phrase that is cited and it tells us who said this the author. You will need to use a reporting verb to introduce the cited reference. Here are several reporting verbs you can use for citing. NOTE Most of the reporting verbs are followed by a that clause. Describe is often followed by an object and an as .
