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Practical Design Calculations for Groundwater and Soil Remediation - Chapter 6

Nước ngầm khắc phục hậu quả Chương này bắt đầu với các tính toán thiết kế cho khu vực nắm bắt và khoảng cách cũng tối ưu. Phần còn lại của chương tập trung vào tính toán thiết kế thường được sử dụng tại chổ và cũ khắc phục hậu quả tại chỗ kỹ thuật ngầm, bao gồm cả xử lý sinh học, sparging không khí, không khí tước, quá trình oxy hóa tiên tiến, và than hoạt tính hấp phụ. | Kuo Jeff Groundwater remediation Practical Design Calculations for Groundwater and Soil Remediation Boca Raton CRC Press LLC 1999 chapter six Groundwater remediation This chapter starts with design calculations for capture zone and optimal well spacing. The rest of the chapter focuses on design calculations for commonly used in situ and ex situ groundwater remediation techniques including bioremediation air sparging air stripping advanced oxidation processes and activated carbon adsorption. VỈ.1 Hydraulic control groundwater extraction When a groundwater aquifer is contaminated groundwater extraction is often needed. Groundwater extraction through pumping mainly serves two purposes 1 to minimize the plume migration or spreading and 2 to reduce the contaminant concentrations in the impacted aquifer. The extracted water often needs to be treated before being injected back into the aquifer or released to surface water bodies. Pump and treat is a general term used for groundwater remediation that removes contaminated groundwater and treats it above ground. Groundwater extraction is typically accomplished through one or more pumping or extraction wells. Pumping of groundwater stresses the aquifer and creates a cone of depression or a capture zone. Choosing appropriate locations for the pumping wells and spacing among the wells is an important component in design. Pumping wells should be strategically located to accomplish rapid mass removal from areas of the groundwater plume where contaminants are heavily concentrated. On the other hand they should be located to allow full capture of the plume to prevent further migration. In addition if containment is the only objective for the groundwater pumping the extraction rate should be established at a minimum rate sufficient to prevent the plume migration. The more the groundwater is extracted the higher the treatment cost. On the other hand if groundwater cleanup is required the extraction rate may need to be enhanced to .