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A History of Vascular Surgery - part 7

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Các bác sĩ phẫu thuật quân sự nguyên mẫu là các bác sĩ Hy Lạp Claudius Galen, "Clarissimus" Được xem là một trong những bác sĩ phẫu thuật lớn nhất của thời cổ đại, Galen học tại các trường học của triết học trong Pergamon, cũng như trường y tế. Galen đã trở thành một bác sĩ phẫu thuật cho các đấu sĩ trong 158 | CHAPTER 12 Contributions from the battlefield He who wishes to be a surgeon should go to war. Hippocrates The archetypal military surgeon was the Greek physician Claudius Galen the Clarissimus. Regarded as one of the greatest surgeons of antiquity Galen studied at the school of philosophy in Pergamon as well as the medical school. Galen became a surgeon to the gladiators in 158 AD and was so successful that he was reappointed to this prestigious position four additional times within 3 years Figure 12.1 . Galen was best known for his treatment of wounds. He cared for fractures dislocations ruptured nerves and tendons and a wide variety of penetrating injuries with sutures and dressings. Galen utilized ligatures and relied heavily on cautery to control bleeding The cautery is employed also in consumptives patients with enlarged spleens and habitual dislocation of the shoulder joint in lacrymal fistula in the resection of gangrenous tissue where bleeding takes place on account of the opening of vessels or in bleeding from other causes. A thorough knowledge of anatomy and great technical skill allowed Galen to contribute to nearly all the surgical subspecialties including ophthalmology genitourinary surgery and neurosurgery. Galen s record was envied by the military surgeons who followed him and he once attributed his successive reappointments as surgeon to the gladiators to his zero mortality rate. During the 13 centuries following Galen s life there was no shortage of wars or vascular injuries Figure 12.2 . The widely accepted method of treatment of hemorrhage continued to be boiling oil or the cautery. In 16th-century Europe medicine retained strong ties to feudal customs and ancient dogma. Many physicians still referred to the works of Galen and his contemporaries in their treatment of patients. It required a renaissance to effect changes in wound care and to produce the next great military surgeon. At about the time that Michelangelo was painting the Sistine .