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Emergency Vascular Surgery A Practical Guide - part 8

tổn thương mạch máu xảy ra trong kết nối với các thủ tục phẫu thuật khác hoặc là một biến chứng để đặt ống thông háng cho chụp động mạch, động mạch vành qua da can thiệp, và các thủ tục endovascular khác. | 140 Chapter 11 Vascular Access in Trauma Fig. 11.1. Cutdown and exposure of a vein in the cubital fossa for acute venous access Further Reading Klofas E. A quicker saphenous vein cutdown and a better way to teach it. J Trauma 1997 43 985-987 Waisman M Waisman D. Bone marrow infusion in adults. J Trauma 1997 42 288-293 Complications in Vascular Surgery 12 CONTENTS 12.1 Summary.142 12.2 Background.142 12.2.1 Magnitude of the Problem.142 12.3 Ischemic Complications.142 12.3.1 Pathophysiology.142 12.3.2 Clinical Presentation .144 12.3.2.1 Graft Occlusion in the Leg.144 12.3.2.2 Ischemia After Aneurysm Operations and Endovascular Procedures .144 12.3.3 Dia gnostics.145 12.3.3.1 Leg Ischemia.145 12.3.3.2 Visceral Ischemia.145 12.3.4 Management and Treatment.146 12.3.4.1 Management in the Emergency Department ICU and the Ward . 146 12.3.4.2 Operation .147 12.3.4.3 Management After the Operation 147 12.3.5 Results and Outcome .147 12.3.5.1 Graft Occlusion . 147 12.3.5.2 Ischemia After AAA Surgery and Endovascular Procedures.148 12.4 Bleeding Complications.148 12.4.1 Causes.148 12.4.2 Clinical Presentation .148 12.4.2.1 Medical History.148 12.4.2.2 Physical Examination.149 12.4.3 Diagnostics.149 12.4.4 Management and Treatment.149 12.4.4.1 In the Emergency Department ICU or Surgical Ward.149 12.4.4.2 Operation .150 12.4.4.3 Management After Treatment .151 12.5 Infections.151 12.5.1 Pathophysiology.151 12.5.1.1 Types of Infection .151 12.5.1.2 Microbiology.152 12.5.1.3 Pathophysiology.152 12.5.2 Clinical Presentation .152 12.5.2.1 Medical History.152 12.5.2.2 P hysical Examination.152 12.5.2.3 Laboratory Tests .153 12.5.3 Diagnostics.153 12.5.3.1 Aortic Graft Infection.153 12.5.4 Management and Treatment .154 12.5.4.1 In the Emergency Department .154 12.5.4.2 Operation .155 12.5.4.3 Management After Treatment .155 12.5.5 Results and Outcome .156 12.6 Local Complications.156 12.6.1 Lymphocele and Seroma.156 12.6.1.1 Background and Causes.156 12.6.1.2 C l inical P resentation