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BIOLOGICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS - CHAPTER 7

Thực vật kháng chiến để côn trùng Thực vật có khả năng chống côn trùng cấu có di truyền thừa hưởng chất lượng mà kết quả trong một nhà máy của một trong những cây trồng ít bị hư hỏng hơn so với một nhà máy dễ bị thiếu những phẩm chất này (Painter, 1951). Nhà máy kháng để côn trùng là một tài sản tương đối, dựa trên các phản ứng so sánh của cây kháng và dễ bị, trồng dưới điều kiện tương tự, côn trùng sâu bệnh | CHAPTER 7 Plant Resistance to Insects C. Michael Smith CONTENTS 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 Terminology 7.1.2 History 7.1.3 Economic Benefits 7.1.4 Environmental Benefits 7.2 Categories of Resistance 7.2.1 Antibiosis and Antixenosis 7.2.2 Tolerance 7.3 Identifying and Incorporating Insect Resistance Genes 7.3.1 Conventional Genes 7.3.2 Transgenes 7.3.3 Conventional Breeding and Selection of Insect Resistant Plants 7.3.4 Molecular Marker Assisted Breeding 7.4 Methods for Assessing Resistance 7.5 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Affecting the Expression of Resistance 7.6 Plant-Insect Gene for Gene Interactions 7.7 Plant Resistance as the Foundation of Integrated Insect Pest Management 7.8 Conclusions Acknowledgments References 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.1.1 Terminology Plants with constitutive insect resistance possess genetically inherited qualities that result in a plant of one cultivar being less damaged than a susceptible plant lacking these qualities Painter 1951 . Plant resistance to insects is a relative property based on the comparative reaction of resistant and susceptible plants grown under similar conditions to the pest insect. Pseudoresistance can occur in susceptible 2000 by CRC Press LLC plants due to fluctuations in plant age moisture content insect population density temperature photoperiod soil chemistry or soil moisture. Associational resistance occurs when a normally susceptible plant is grown in association with a resistant plant and derives protection from insect predation Alfaro 1995 Ampong-Nyarko etal. 1994 Letourneau 1986 . A unique type of associational resistance results from insects feeding on plants infected by Neotyphodium formerly Acremonium endophytes which produce alkaloids that have negative effects on insect feeding and growth Breen 1994 Clement et al. 1994 . Induced insect resistance may also occur when a plant s defensive system is stimulated by external physical or chemical stimuli Kogan and Paxton 1983 eliciting the accumulation of increased levels