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CRC handbook of laboratory Safety - Chapter 3

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Phòng thí nghiệm CƠ SỞ THIẾT KẾ VÀ THIẾT BỊ I. Phòng thí nghiệm Thiết kế Thiết kế của một cơ sở phòng thí nghiệm phụ thuộc vào cả hai chức năng và nhu cầu của chương trình nhưng không mạnh mẽ khi kỷ luật có liên quan. Mặc dù có sự khác biệt giữa các kỹ thuật, khoa học đời sống và các phòng thí nghiệm hóa học, và trong lĩnh vực hóa học (giữa các phòng thí nghiệm dành cho hóa học vật lý và tổng hợp polymer, có hai ví dụ), sự tương đồng lớn hơn sự khác. | Furr A. Keith Ph.D. LABORATORY FACILITIES-DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety Edited by A. Keith Furr Ph.D. Boca Raton CRC Press LLC 2000 Chapter 3 LABORATORY FACILITIES DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT I. LABORATORY DESIGN The design of a laboratory facility depends upon both function and program needs but not strongly upon the discipline involved. Although there are differences among engineering life sciences and chemistry laboratories and within the field of chemistry between laboratories intended for physical chemistry and polymer synthesis to take two examples the similarities outweigh the differences except in unusual specialized facilities. Approximately the same amount of space normally is required. Certain utilities are invariably needed. Adequate ventilation is needed to eliminate odors and vapors from the air which might have the potential to adversely affect the health of the employees as well as to provide tempered air for comfort. Provision is needed for safely stocking reasonable quantities of chemicals and supplies. As these are used over a period of time chemical wastes are generated and provisions must be made for temporary storage and disposal of these wastes according to regulatory standards. The laboratories must provide suitable work space for the laboratory workers. Many of these items as well as others vary only in degree. Most differences are relatively superficial and are represented primarily by the equipment which each laboratory contains and the selection of research materials used. Not only are laboratories basically similar but there is a growing need for generic laboratory spaces readily adaptable to different research programs. This is due in part to the manner in which most research is funded today. In industry laboratory operations are generally goal oriented i.e. they exist to develop a product improve a product or to perform basic research in a field relevant to the company s commercial interests. There is a cost-benefit