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Pesticide profiles : Toxicity, environmental impact and fate - Chapter 11

Tổng khái niệm 11,1 Giới thiệu quy định thuốc trừ sâu Tại Mỹ, thuốc bảo vệ thực vật được quy định bởi vô số các luật và quy định cơ quan. Không ít hơn 14 hành vi khác nhau liên bang kiểm soát một số khía cạnh của sản xuất, đăng ký, phân phối, sử dụng, tiêu dùng, và xử lý thuốc trừ sâu. Phần lớn các quy định thuốc bảo vệ thực vật thuộc các thuốc trừ sâu liên bang, Thuốc diệt nấm và Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Pháp luật này điều chỉnh việc đăng ký, phân phối, bán hàng, và sử. | Section III Basic concepts in toxicology and environmental chemistry 2000 CRC Press LLC chapter eleven General concepts 11.1 Pesticide regulation Introduction In the U.S. pesticides are regulated by a myriad of laws and agency rules. No less than 14 different Federal Acts control some aspect of the manufacture registration distribution use consumption and disposal of pesticides. The bulk of pesticide regulation falls under the Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act FIFRA . This legislation governs the registration distribution sale and use of pesticides. The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for the administration of this Act and for establishing rules and regulations consistent with the Act s intent. Other Acts govern their presence in water and air the clean-up of spills and releases the concentrations of pesticide residues in raw and processed food their impact on endangered species their transportation working conditions for manufacturers and applicators and their disposal. The three broad categories of concern with pesticide regulation focus on 1 the registration of new pesticides and the reregistration of existing pesticides 2 the establishment and monitoring of pesticide levels in food products and 3 the monitoring of pesticide levels in the environment especially in ground and surface water. Pesticide registration New pesticides The EPA is responsible under FIFRA for registering new pesticides to ensure that when used according to label directions they will not pose unreasonable risks to human health or the environment. FIFRA requires the EPA to balance the risks of pesticide exposure to human health and the environment against the benefits of pesticide use to society and the economy. A pesticide registration will be granted if after careful consideration of health economic social and environmental costs and benefits the benefits of the pesticide s use outweighs the costs of its use. Pesticide registration decisions are based .