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COMPOST UTILIZATION in HORTICULTURAL CROPPING SYSTEMS - SECTION 3

Lợi ích của việc sử dụng nguồn Compost trong hệ thống Làm Vườn Trồng trọt Trong những năm 1960, nurserymen trên toàn nước Mỹ đã khám phá khả năng của việc sử dụng vỏ cây trộn như là một thay thế than bùn để giảm chi phí hỗn hợp bầu. Cải thiện tăng trưởng thực vật và giảm thiệt hại gây ra do thối rễ Phytophthora đã được quan sát thấy là lợi ích thứ hai trong ngành công nghiệp vườn ươm. Composts Hôm nay được công nhận là có hiệu quả như thuốc diệt nấm để kiểm soát thối gốc. | Section III Benefits of Compost Utilization in Horticultural Cropping Systems 2001 by CRC Press LLC CHAPTER 12 Spectrum and Mechanisms of Plant Disease Control with Composts Harry A. J. Hoitink Matthew S. Krause and David Y. Han CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Fate of Biocontrol Agents During Composting III. Mechanisms of Suppression in Composts IV. Biological Energy Availability vs. Suppressiveness V. Compost for Control of Foliar Diseases VI. Disease Suppression Future Outlook References I. INTRODUCTION During the 1960s nurserymen across the U.S. explored the possibility of using composted tree bark as a peat substitute to reduce potting mix costs. Improved plant growth and decreased losses caused by Phytophthora root rots were observed as secondary benefits in the nursery industry. Today composts are recognized to be as effective as fungicides for the control of such root rots Hardy and Sivasithamparam 1991 Hoitink et al. 1991 Ownley and Benson 1991 . Therefore the ornamental plant industry relies heavily on compost products for control of diseases caused by these soil-borne plant pathogens. Composts have replaced methyl bromide in this industry Quarles and Grossman 1995 . In field applications of composts similar results have been obtained Hoitink and Fahy 1986 Lumsden et al. 1983 Schuler et al. 1993 . Examples of diseases controlled by composts were reviewed by Hoitink 2001 by CRC Press LLC and Fahy 1986 . A summary of the types of diseases suppressed by various types of composts is presented in Table 12.1. Composts must be of consistent quality to be used successfully in biological control of diseases of horticultural crops particularly if used in container media Inbar et al. 1993 . The rate of respiration is one of several procedures that can be used to monitor stability of composts Iannotti et al. 1994 . Variability in compost stability is one of the principal factors limiting its widespread utilization. Maturity is less important in ground bed or field .