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LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY in AGROECOSYSTEMS MANAGEMENT - CHAPTER 11

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Tác động của nông nghiệp về Môi trường của lưu vực Paris phía Bắc Trong điều kiện sản xuất toàn cầu, Pháp là quốc gia nông nghiệp hàng đầu châu Âu. Pháp sản xuất nông nghiệp chiếm 24% của tất cả các sản xuất Liên minh châu Âu (EU), Pháp (sau Mỹ) lớn nhất trên toàn thế giới sản xuất nông nghiệp thứ hai. Hầu hết nông nghiệp lớn này là nằm trong lưu vực Paris, và khu vực phía đông bắc của Picardy đặc biệt (hình 11.1). Nông nghiệp đã tổ chức một vị trí quan trọng trong Picardy trong. | CHAPTER 11 The Impact of Agriculture on the Environment of the Northern Parisian Basin Stanislas Wicherek CONTENTS Introduction Picardy An Agricultural Region Open-Field Landscape Floods and Mudslides A Functional Ecological Agriculture Heritage Fertilizer and Pesticide Improvements and Their Impact on the Environment Environmental Risks Acknowledgments References INTRODUCTION In terms of global production France is the leading European agricultural nation. French agricultural production accounts for 24 of all European Union production making France after the U.S. the second largest agricultural producer worldwide. Most of this great agriculture is situated in the Parisian basin and the northeast region of Picardy in particular Figure 11.1 . Agriculture has held an important place in Picardy for a long time. This ancient industry has left a multitude of traces in current structures such as the predominance 2002 by CRC Press LLC Photo 11.1 Regions of study in France. of grain production or the break up into relatively small plots in plateau regions. Throughout the 20th century however this agriculture passed through a period of spectacular evolution. Contemporary crop production basically grain is commercially oriented and entails intensive use of soils. Practices of all kinds have developed 2002 by CRC Press LLC to ensure a permanent framework for farmers. Technical and agronomic means of production are increasingly intensive. However does this modern high-performance form of agriculture contribute to environmental management and sustainable development of the environment Or does it instead contribute to the disruption of ecosystems causing an impoverishment in the diversity of cultivations flora and fauna by raising the risks of soil and water pollution Finally is its recent evolution responsible for ecological imbalances Wicherek 2000 The major cultivations on the silty plains of northern Europe have for several decades experienced an intensification of soil .