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Ebooks: Applications of the Environmental Chemistry: A Practical Guide for Environmental Professionals - Chpater 6

Nguyên nhân chính của axit mỏ thoát nước là quá trình oxy hóa của pyrit sắt. Pyrit sắt, FeS 2 , Là nhiều nhất phổ biến rộng rãi của tất cả các khoáng chất sulfua và được tìm thấy trong nhiều thân quặng. Trong quá trình hoạt động khai thác khoáng sản, đặc biệt là khai thác than, pyrit sắt trong quặng là tiếp xúc với không khí và nước, gây ra nó bị oxy hóa axit sulfuric và ion kim loại màu: FeS 2 + O 2 + H 2 O ↔ Fe 2 + + 2 SO 4 2 - + 2 H + . (6.1) Có hầu như luôn luôn đủ độ ẩm trong chất thải mỏ và các. | 6 Selected Topics in Environmental Chemistry CONTENTS 6.1 Acid Mine Drainage Summary of Acid Formation in Mine Drainage Noniron Metal Sulfides Do Not Generate Acidity Acid-Base Potential of Soil 6.2 Agricultural Water Quality 6.3 Breakpoint Chlorination for Removing Ammonia 6.4 De-icing and Sanding of Roads Controlling Environmental Effects Methods for Maintaining Winter Highway Safety Antiskid Materials Chemical De-icers De-icer Components and Their Potential Environmental Effects 6.5 Drinking Water Treatment Water Sources Water Treatment Basic Drinking Water Treatment Disinfection Byproducts and Disinfection Residuals Strategies for Controlling Disinfection Byproducts Chlorine Disinfection Treatment Drawbacks to Use of Chlorine Disinfection Byproducts DBPs Chloramines Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection Treatment Ozone Disinfection Treatment Potassium Permanganate Peroxone Ozone Hydrogen Peroxide Ultraviolet UV Disinfection Treatment Membrane Filtration Water Treatment 6.6 Ion Exchange Why Do Solids in Nature Carry a Surface Charge Cation and Anion Exchange Capacity CEC and AEC Exchangeable Bases Percent Base Saturation CEC in Clays and Organic Matter Rates of Cation Exchange 6.7 Indicators of Fecal Contamination Coliform and Streptococci Bacteria Background Total Coliforms Fecal Coliforms E. coli Fecal Streptococci Enterococci Copyright 2000 CRC Press LLC 6.8 Municipal Wastewater Reuse The Movement and Fate of Microbial Pathogens Pathogens in Treated Wastewater Transport and Inactivation of Viruses in Soils and Groundwater 6.9 Odors of Biological Origin in Water Environmental Chemistry of Hydrogen Sulfide Chemical Control of Odors 6.10 Quality Assurance and Quality Control QA QC in Environmental Sampling QA QC Has Different Field and Laboratory Components Essential Components of Field QA QC Understanding Laboratory Reported Results 6.11 Sodium Adsorption Ratio SAR What SAR Values Are Acceptable 6.12 Oil and Grease O G Oil and Grease Analysis References 6.1 ACID MINE .