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COASTAL AQUIFER MANAGEMENT: monitoring, modeling, and case studies - Chapter 7

Xác định việc phân phối thời gian và không gian của rò rỉ diện khuôn mặt bãi biển Con người là một sinh vật gắn liền với các khu vực ven biển vì nhiều lý do. Khoảng 70% dân số của trái đất sống trong các vùng ven biển, với phần lớn dân số trong phạm vi một vài km của nước mặn. Trong lịch sử, cũng như ngày hôm nay, vùng biển nước mặn là việc tiếp cận chính để cả các sản phẩm biển, cũng như các vùng đất xa hơn nữa, một địa điểm tự nhiên cho sự. | CHAPTER 7 Determination of the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Beach Face Seepage D.W. Urish 1. INTRODUCTION Man is a creature closely linked to the coastal areas for many reasons. Some 70 of the earth s population live within coastal zones with the large portion of that population within a few kilometers of saltwater. Historically as well as today the saltwater seas are the main access to both the products of seas as well as the lands beyond a natural location for the development of commerce habitation and industrialization. This heavy concentration of mankind and his activities creates many anthropogenic products detrimental to the environment and to man himself. Much of this environmental impact moves into the groundwater system as a natural consequence of the hydrologic cycle. The impact of civilization is most keenly recognized in the more confined and poorly flushed estuaries bays and coastal lagoons. Within the larger concept of global water budgets all freshwater falling on the terrestrial components of the earth eventually returns to the mother of waters the saltwater seas. The path of a molecule of water may be long and tenuous following varying hydraulic gradients until it finally reaches its original source and the hydrologic cycle repeats. The meeting of freshwater with saltwater may be a glacier caving its icebergs into the sea mighty rivers or in our area of interest the more subtle but constant discharge of coastal fresh groundwater. The time of transient through the ground may range from many years for coastal plains and large peninsulas to days for small islands and near-shore recharge. But eventually it reaches the saltwater carrying with it many terrestrial derived components both natural and anthropogenic. The increased recognition of the importance of the coastal groundwater discharge zone and the greatly increased capabilities for 2004 by CRC Press LLC Figure 1 Fresh groundwater flow and discharge pattern after Glover 1964 . data .