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Environmental Pollution Control Microbiology - Chapter 11

XỬ LÝ NƯỚC THẢI Khi nước thải đã được thu thập và đặc điểm của họ đã được xác định, quy trình xử lý nước thải có thể được đánh giá và quá trình tốt nhất có thể được đề xuất. Quy trình xử lý nước thải có thể là vật lý, hóa học, sinh học, hoặc sự kết hợp của cả ba. Cuối cùng, nước thải phải được xử lý và quay trở lại vào môi trường với tối thiểu thiệt hại cho môi trường. Quá trình điều trị cũng nên có kinh tế để xây dựng và vận hành | Chapter 11 WASTEWATER TREATMENT Once the wastewaters have been collected and their characteristics have been determined the wastewater treatment processes can be evaluated and the best process can be proposed. Wastewater treatment processes can be physical chemical biological or a combination of all three. Ultimately wastewater must be treated and returned back into the envfronment with a minimum of damage to the environment. The treatment process should also be economical to construct and operate. Experience has shown that simplicity of design with a minimum of mechanical equipment and the least number of units provides the best opportunity for success. Ultimately all biodegradable organic materials must undergo microbial degradation before being returned to the environment. Microbial stabilization of organic contaminants can be either aerobic or anaerobic or a combination of both. The key to success with biological treatment of all types of wastewaters lies in understanding the fiindamental concepts of microbiology and the biochemistry of the different groups of microorganisms together with sound treatment plant engineering. The basic objective is to remove the contaminants from the wastewater with the least possible effort at the lowest possible cost and to return the water and the residual contaminants back into the environment with the least possible damage to the environment. Considerable progress has been made in the advanced nations of the world but much effort remains in the developing nations. This will be the real test of environmental pollution control engineers. Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker Inc. All Rights Reserved. STORM WATER TREATMENT The characteristics of storm water indicate that suspended solids are the primary problem. The simplest method for storm water treatment is to prevent the suspended solids from initially accumulating in the environment. This is easier to say than to do. The wind brings much of the dust and dirt and some of the .