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Expert Systems and Geographical Information Systems for Impact Assessment - Chapter 6

Xây dựng hệ thống chuyên gia (có và không có GIS) để đánh giá tác động II.1 GIỚI THIỆU hình ảnh phát triển trong các chương trước cho thấy rằng IA là phát triển một cách có thể được hưởng lợi từ tự động hóa tăng. Đồng thời, công nghệ máy tính ngày càng trở nên thích nghi và thân thiện với người sử dụng thực tế giải quyết vấn đề. Thực hành và chuyên môn trong IA dường như được bây giờ cũng được thành lập ở Anh, như được chỉ ra bởi việc thành lập các tiêu chuẩn được. | Part II Building expert systems with and without GIS for impact assessment II.1 INTRODUCTION The picture developed in the previous chapters suggests that IA is evolving in a way that might benefit from increased automation. At the same time computer technology is becoming more adaptable and user-friendly for practical problem-solving. Good practice and expertise in IA seem to be now well established in the UK as indicated by the establishment of accepted standards of content and procedure in Environmental Statements DoE 1995 1996 and also the appearance of a second generation of publications - the new IA regulations DETR 1999 new editions of classic texts like Glasson etal. 1999 and Morris and Therivel 2001 - all suggesting that IA seems to be reaching what we could call its maturity. Expert systems combine rather elegantly the ability to crystallise accepted expertise and a degree of user-friendliness which make them good vehicles for technology transfer when applied to the solution of specific problems such as those that appear in IA. On the other hand expert systems cope best with relatively small problems and the complexity of these systems can grow with the complexity of problems only up to a point. Beyond a certain degree of complexity rather than having an expert system to deal with all the issues experience suggests Rodriguez-Bachiller 1991 Hartnett etal. 1994 that a natural division of labour between expert systems or parts of an expert system exists and a modular approach to ES design is likely to work better. Some expert systems can be designed to deal with specific problems while other control systems can deal with the general management of the problem-solving process. Such control systems can be themselves expert systems or they can be part of a more flexible decision support system DSS depending on the degree of flexibility needed and on whether what-if evaluations are required or not. GIS are powerful databases which can be useful in dealing with .