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Tài liệu ôn thi du học_2

Tham khảo tài liệu 'tài liệu ôn thi du học_2', ngoại ngữ, toefl - ielts - toeic phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | For more material and information please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Chapter 1 Basic Concepts 21 mean A productive morpheme is one that can be attached regularly to any word of the appropriate class. For example a morpheme expressing past tense can occur on all regular main verbs. And a morpheme expressing plural on nouns can be said to be fully productive too because all count nouns can take plural endings in English some of these endings are irregular as in ox-en but the fact remains that plural morphology as such is fully productive . Note that the appropriate class here is the class of count nouns non-count nouns such as rice and milk regularly do not take plural. In contrast to the inflectional verbal and nominal endings just mentioned not all verbs take the adjectival suffix -ive nor do all count nouns take say the adjectival suffix -al 15 a. walk-ive exploit exploitive read-ive operate operative surprise-ive assault assaultive b. computer-al colony colonial desk-al department departmental child-al phrase phrasal The nature of the restrictions that are responsible for the impossibility of the asterisked examples in 15 and in derivational morphology in general are not always clear but are often a complex mixture of phonological morphological and semantic mechanisms. The point is that no matter what these restrictions in derivational morphology turn out to be inflectional domains usually lack such complex restrictions. As a conclusion to our discussion of derivation and inflection I have summarized the differences between inflection and derivation in 16 For more material and information please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Chapter 1 Basic Concepts 22 16 derivation - encodes lexical meaning - is not syntactically relevant - can occur inside derivation - often changes the part of speech - is often semantically opaque - is often restricted in its productivity - is not restricted to suffixation inflection - encodes grammatical .