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Tài liệu ôn thi du học_7

Tham khảo tài liệu 'tài liệu ôn thi du học_7', ngoại ngữ, toefl - ielts - toeic phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | For more material and information please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Chapter 5 Derivation without affixation 153 To summarize we have seen that the formation of truncated names is highly systematic and that it is subject to strong prosodic restrictions. This also holds for -y-diminutives to which we now turn. As usual we start with some pertinent data 14 -y-diminutives Albert Bertie Barbara Barbie alright alrightie beast beastie Andrew Andy bed beddie Angela Angie Bernard Bernie Anna Annie Chevrolet Chevvie Archibald Archie Chris Chrissie aunt auntie cigarette ciggie Australian Aussy comfortable comfy First of all we find two orthographic variants -y and -ie in 14 which however are pronounced identically occasionally even a third spelling can be encountered -ee . If we look at the base words we find adjectives alright comfortable and predominantly proper and common nouns. What are the properties of the diminutives apart from ending in -y Again we can analyze two aspects the prosodic structure itself and the diminutive s relation to the base word. Apart from alrightie all diminutives are disyllabic with stress on the first syllable. Furthermore the second syllable never shows a complex onset even if the base has a complex onset in its second syllable e.g. Andrew Andy but Andry . Thus the following templatic restrictions hold -y diminutives are trochaic disyllables with the second syllable consisting of a single consonant and the suffix. To satisfy the templatic restrictions longer base words are severely truncated. As evidenced in our small data set above it is the first syllable that usually survives truncation irrespective of its being stressed or unstressed cf. Australian - Aussie but occasionally a stressed syllable can also serve as an anchor umbrella - brollie tobacco -baccie . On the segmental level we find alternations similar to those we observed for truncated names e.g. Nathaniel- Natty Martha - Marty which suggests that truncations may .