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Principles of Air Quality Management - Chapter 2

Ảnh hưởng của ô nhiễm không khí Và những gì có thể là nguyên nhân gây ra những tác dụng phiền hà, nhưng nguồn cảm hứng của hơi địa ngục này, accompaning Aer, mà . vào một số ngành vào nhu mô rất, và chất của phổi, vi phạm, trong đoạn văn này, thanh quản và tiểu thiệt , ., trở nên thô ráp và drye, không có thể được ký hợp đồng, hoặc giãn cho điều chế do của Voyce. Fumifugium, 1661 Các hiệu ứng ghi nhận trong thời gian thiên tai 1952 Khói London đã rõ ràng, nhưng không cảm. | 2 Effects of Air Pollution And what may be the cause of these troublesome effects but the inspiration of this infernal vapour accompaning the Aer which . enters by several branches into the very Parenchyma and substance of the Lungs violating in this passage the Larynx and Epiglottis . which becoming rough and drye can neither be contracted or dilated for the due modulation of the Voyce. Fumifugium 1661 The effects noted during the 1952 London Smog Disaster were obvious but not perceived nearly 1000 deaths per day where beforehand the normal death rate was a few hundred deaths a day at most. It was reported that the increase of deaths during the London smog siege was not noticed during the event but the shortage of coffins and flowers was. Today we are much more aware of acute as well as longterm or chronic health effects. Air pollution was known to cause damage to the entire ecosystem even before Fumifugium was published. Such damage includes adverse effects on human health damage to crops vegetation and forests and finally damage to materials that we all use. Our goal in this chapter is to review and evaluate the effects on human health of the different air contaminants. Then we consider contaminants effects on vegetation crops and finally other materials. TIME EFFECTS AND SENSITIVITIES Acute versus Chronic As seen during the London Smog Disaster the immediate effect of the air pollution was acute death. Only in the last few years has there been new research to show the long-term complications of air pollution that occurred months and years earlier. Initial estimates were that about 4 000 people had died as a result of the smog siege now the epidemiological evidence indicates that about 12 000 died of complications over the course of 6 months following that event. There are two time-related categories of health effects. The first deals with acute effects that is those health effects that tend to act immediately on a specific target organ or point of entry into .