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Radio Propagation and Remote Sensing of the Environment - Chapter 10

Phần thứ hai của cuốn sách này là dành riêng cho nền tảng của cảm biến từ xa bằng phương pháp vô tuyến. Các khái niệm về cảm biến từ xa của môi trường thường được hiểu là việc xác định đặc điểm của một phương tiện bởi các thiết bị cách xa các đối tượng đang được nghiên cứu. Khái niệm về môi trường bao gồm tất cả các đối tượng (cả tự nhiên và nguồn gốc con người) rằng hình thức môi trường sống của con người. Đây là những đối tượng tự nhiên (đất, thảm thực vật,. | 10 General Problems of Remote Sensing The second part of this book is dedicated to the background of remote sensing by radio methods. The notion of remote sensing of the environment is usually understood as the determination of characteristics of a medium by devices that are far from the object being studied. The concept of environment includes all objects both natural and of anthropogenic origin that form man s habitat. These are the natural objects soil vegetation atmosphere etc. around us on Earth as well as near Earth and in outer space. These objects also include people themselves and animals. Some elements of the environment are represented schematically in Figure 10.1. The goal of measurements carried out for remote sensing is to define various environmental parameters that can be used to obtain a deeper understanding of natural processes to improve economic activities through the realization of the preventive actions necessary to protect the environment and to discover and monitor extraordinary natural and anthropogenic situations. The time and spatial scales of observed characteristics have a very wide range from part of a second to centuries for time and from units of meters to units of a global scale for space . The measurers can be mounted on ground and air platforms on rockets and on space craft. Some of these platforms are also shown in Figure 10.1. Environmental remote sensing assumes the practical absence of disturbance in the studied medium during measurements. This is achieved by electromagnetic application or remote sensing acoustic waves. The wide application includes electromagnetic microwave and ultrahigh-frequency waves all of which interact effectively with natural media. It is supposed that the interaction of electromagnetic waves with the environment defined by the electrophysical and geometrical parameters of the researched objects is closely connected with the structure thermal regime geophysical characteristics and other parameters of .