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Biodiesel Feedstocks and Processing Technologies Part 9

Tham khảo tài liệu 'biodiesel feedstocks and processing technologies part 9', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 11 Production of Biodiesel via In-Situ Supercritical Methanol Transesterification Asnida Yanti Ani Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak and Khudzir Ismail Fossil Biomass Energy Research Group Fuel Combustion Research Laboratory Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis Malaysia 1. Introduction Most energy that the world is using is derived from unrenewable fossil fuel that has a great impact on environments Warabi et al. 2004 . The demand of fossil fuels is increasing very rapidly and it is estimated that the remaining world reserves will be exhausted by the year 2020 with the current rate of consumption. There is an urgent need to seek for an alternative fuels to substitute the diesel due to gradual depletion of world crude oil reserves. Research is therefore oriented for alternative energy. Biomass is one of its candidates because biomass energy has some advantageous in reproduction cyclic and carbon neutral properties Warabi et al. 2004 . Biodiesel fuel is one example of biomass energy and it is generally made of methyl esters of fatty acids produced by the transesterification reaction of triglycerides with methanol with the help of a catalyst Clark et al. 1984 . Alcoholysis of vegetable oils produces fatty acids alkyl esters that are excellent substitutes for conventional fossil diesel fuels Selmi and Thomas 1998 De et al. 1999 . The viscosity of alkyl esters is nearly twice that of diesel fuel instead of 10-20 times as in the case of neat vegetable oil Rathore and Madras 2007 . The use of such edible oil to produce biodiesel is not feasible in view of big gap in the demand and supply of such oils in the country for dietary consumption. Increased pressure to augment the production of edible oils has also put limitations on the use of these oils for production of biodiesel Sinha et al. 2008 . Therefore biodiesel is actually competing limited land availability with the food industry for the same oil crop. Thus instead of arable land being utilized to grow food it is now being used to .